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.10Ling shu 55 has parallel wordings.Bo Gao, the informant of Huang Di inthe Ling shu dialogue, first quotes the ancient treatise on military tactics, Sun Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 8080 survey of the contents of the su wenzi bing fa]lLk, by Sun Bin ]¡of the fifth century b.c., before quot-ing from a treatise Ci faÎk, Patterns of Piercing, a passage in which SunBin s military strategy reappears in a medical context:The Patterns of Warfare (Bing faLk) state: Do not move directly against an abounding qi; do not attack a line of soldiersin full advance. The Patterns of Piercing (Ci faÎk) state: Do not pierce [a patient with] an intensely burning heat.Do not pierce [a patient with] an incessant sweating.Do not pierce [a patient with] a torrential movement in the vessels.Do not pierce [a patient whose] disease and [movement in the] vessels goagainst each other. .Hence it is said At the moment when it abounds, do not dare [to pierce; this would result in]destruction-harm.If one pierces [the disease when] it has already weakened, the [success of the]intervention will be most obvious.11The text quoted as the classic in the Su wen is quoted as Patterns ofPiercing, Ci fa, by the Ling shu.This could be explained in several ways, ofcourse, including that the Ci fa was considered among insiders the classic text on the issues discussed.12Su wen 77 emphasizes the important role of classic texts, even thoughin this context it may be that classics refers to the Confucian classics.Theauthor may have meant to convey that to be a good physician is as demandingas to be well versed in the Confucian corpus.Nevertheless, at least one latercommentator read classics as a reference to medical classics.He added hislisting of core titles:Observe the calculations, treat according [to their indications], and do notmiss the structures of the transporters.If [a physician] is able to apply this art,he will never be in any danger for his entire life.If he is not familiar with the structures of the transporters,what is densely compacted in the five depots will boil.He diagnoses a disease and fails to recognize it.This is called to miss the regular [pattern].If [a physician] carefully observes these [rules in] treatment,he is on one level of understanding with the classics.13A text named Shang jingWg, Upper Classic, is mentioned and quotedin the Su wen a total of four times.14 It is referred to three times together Unschuld,Huang Di nei jing 12/2/02 1:34 PM Page 81survey of the contents of the su wen 81with another text, Xia jingUg, the Lower Classic. 15 Upper Classic and LowerClassic may have constituted two volumes of one large text in the same wayas the various Nei jing and Wai jing, Inner Classics and Outer Classics, listed in the Han bibliographies.The passages quoted from the Upper Clas-sic and the Lower Classic in the Su wen are too short to permit any conclu-sions about conceptual differences between them.The remaining four titles identified by an unknown commentator as clas-sic texts are listed here with titles that have caused some confusion.For ex-ample, Kui du}Ê%, To Estimate and Measure, is a compound referring toa diagnostic procedure rather than to a book title.However, at the four lo-cations in Su wen 15, 19, 46, and 77 where this compound appears, it is al-ways mentioned in a context implying a listing of book titles.That is, in Suwen 15, To Estimate and Measure is named in one breath with the compoundQi heng_Ì, The Abnormal and the Normal. In Su wen 19 it is listed withthe compounds Wu se`" , The Five Complexions, Mai bianfl9 , TheChanges in the [Movement in the Vessels], and Qi heng,_Ì, The Ab-normal and the Normal. In Su wen 46, in addition to Qi heng, Shang jing(Upper Classic), and Xia jing (Lower Classic), a Jin kuiܺis mentioned to-gether with the Kui du.Finally, in Su wen 77, the list of classic texts quotedabove names two additional titles, Yin yang±ß, Yin and Yang, and Wuzhong`"§, The Five Inside. No passage from Kui du, To Estimate and Measure, is quoted literallyin the Su wen.However, a short exchange between Huang Di and Qi Bo inSu wen 15 provides some hints at the contents of this text and also of Qi heng.Huang Di asked:I have heard:the [texts] To Estimate and Measure and The Abnormal and the Normal,what they expound is not identical.How are their [contents] to be used?Qi Bo responded:As for To Estimate and Measure,this [text expounds how] to measure whether a disease is at the surface or inthe depth.As for The Abnormal and the Normal, this [text discusses] abnormal diseases.16Although Kui du, Qi heng, and several of the other compounds identifiedhere as book titles are never explicitly referred to as such in the Su wen, thecontext and definitions provided by Qi Bo imply that they were meant toconvey more than just names of methods or nosological concepts.The sameis true of several other at first sight rather enigmatic compounds.A goodexample is Bi leiÒÛ, Comparison of the Likes
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