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.The Deceptive World View of Control Data CorporationWilliam Norris, Chairman of Control Data, has a lively correspondence withAmericans anxious to learn his rationale for supporting the Soviet Union.We quote below an extract from a letter written by William Norris to an inquirer:You also made reference [wrote Norris] in your letter to Russia's first democraticgovernment that was overthrown by the communists.You are incorrect on this point.There never has been any democracy in Russia  as a matter of fact, the Russianstandard of living today is higher than it was under the tsars.Further, you don't find agreat deal of unhappiness in the Soviet Union over living conditions and thecommunist regime for two reasons  (1) they have never know [sic] what democracyis, and (2) life is better than it used to be.Here are the errors in the above Norris paragraph: "There has never been any democracy in Russia."Incorrect.The Kerensky government from March to November,1917 was freely elected and overthrown by the Bolsheviks(with the aid of Western businessmen such as William Norris)."You don't find a great deal of unhappiness in the Soviet Unionover living conditions."Incorrect.Mr.Norris should look out the window of hisMoscow office at the uniform drab blocks of apartments.Howmany families live in one room? How often do several familieslive in one apartment? How about the hours spent in food lines,and the limited choice of consumer goods in a guns-before-butter economy? Just how many individual Russians has Mr.Norris freely spoken with? Not those of the "nomenklatura,"but average Russians in the street.We venture to guess none atall.".standard of living today is higher than under the tsars."Take one item  wheat.In 1906 Russia was the world's largestwheat exporter and the world's largest wheat producer.Theclimate is the same today as in 1906, yet is used as a forlornexcuse for Soviet pitiful wheat production.In fact, 80% ofRussian bread today is made from imported wheat, the home-grown is only fit for cattle feed.Without Western wheat, Russiatoday would starve.Is that a truly higher standard of living?Anyway, Russians today don't compare their standards to thoseof tsarist times but to the Western world.William Norris only sees what he wants to see, hears what he wants to hear, andpresumably speaks from these limited impressions of the world.In conclusion, we can thank Mr.Norris and Control Data Corporation that Sovietmilitary has been able to break into the electronics based warfare of the late 20th andearly 21st century.CDC fulfilled phase one of the Soviet program for acquisition of Westernsemiconductor technology and mass production facilities.Footnotes:17United States Senate, Transfer of United States High Technology to the SovietUnion and Soviet Bloc Nations Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee onInvestigations, 97th Congress Second Session, May 1982, Washington, D.C., p.61.18United States Senate, Transfer of United States High Technology to the SovietUnion and Soviet Bloc Nations Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee onInvestigations, 97th Congress Second Session, May 1982, Washington, D.C., p.27 19Ibid.CHAPTER VISoviets in the AirBefore we got the (U.S.) guidance systems we could hardly find Washington with ourmissiles.Afterwards we could find the White House.Without U.S.help the Soviet military system would collapse in 1½ years. Avraham Shifrin, former Soviet Defense Ministry officialSignal rockets were used in the Russian Tsarist Army as early as 1717.PresentRussian theoretical work in rockets, beginning in 1903, stems from K.E.Tsiolkovskii,who investigated atmospheric resistance, rocket motion, and similar problems.ThisTsarist work was continued in the Soviet Union during the twenties and thirties.InI928 pioneer Tsiolkovskii suggested that the value of his contribution had been intheoretical calculations.Nothing had been achieved in practical rocket engineering.Then in 1936, V.F.Glushke designed and built a prototype rocket engine, the ORM-65.This rocket used nitric acid and kerosene as propellants.The Soviets thendeveloped the ZhRD R-3395, an aircraft jato rocket using nitric acid and aniline as apropellant.Du Pont provided technical assistance and equipment for the constructionof large nitric acid plants.During World War II, Soviet rockets used "Russiancordite," which was 56.5 percent nitrocellulose.The nitrocellulose was manufacturedunder a technical-assistance agreement made in 1930 with the Hercules PowderCompany of the United States.Finally, under Lend-Lease, 3,000 rocket-launchers and large quantities of propellantswere shipped from the United States to the USSR.German Assistance for Soviet RocketsA major boost to Soviet ambitions in rocketry came from Germany at the end ofWorld War II.Facilities transferred to the USSR included the rocket testing stationsof Blizna and Peenemunde, captured intact and removed to the USSR; the extensiveproduction facilities for the V-1 and V-2 at Nordhausen and Prague; the records ofreliability tests on some 6,000 German V-2; and 6,000 German technicians (not thetop theoretical men), most of whom were not released from Russia until the late 1950s [ Pobierz caÅ‚ość w formacie PDF ]