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.Dionysius the Elder3 and the synod assembled with him determined thatall who had not submitted to the one baptism of the universal Churchshould be rebaptized, because they utterly refused to accept the baptismof heretics.The holy fathers who succeeded him, in the interests ofeconomy,4 made a distinction between different heresies and their de-gree of connection with the whole body of the Church.5 So it wasdetermined that Arians and followers of Macedonius and Sabbatiansand Novatians (that is, the Enlightened who call themselves Pure),2 For the buildings and status of Euchaita in the middle Byzantine period, see Crow, Alexios I and Kastamon , pp.26 33 and the bibliography there.3 Dionysius the Great, bishop of Alexandria (d.ad 264), who devised rules for thereadmission of various classes of heretics and schismatics.4 This untranslatable word does not imply financial planning, but flexibility.5 Most of the heresies listed here were historical phenomena at the time that the letterwas written.Arians and Macedonians were the followers of Arius (250 326) andMacedonius (d.362), who disagreed with the orthodox on the divine nature of Christ.Novatians were the followers of Novatius (martyred 257/8).He refused to compro-mise over the readmission of those Christians who had compromised themselves withpaganism to avoid persecution.The Sabbatians formed a later internal schism withinthe Novatians, over the calculation of the date of Easter.The Tesserakaidekatai wereanother group with a different way of reckoning the date of Easter.Some of themwere reconciled with the orthodox by the patriarch Photius (858 67; 877 86).TheApollinarians were followers of Apollinarius (d.390), who taught that the humannature of Christ was unlike our own.111CHRISTIAN DUALIST HERESIESAristeri and Tessarakaidekatai (that is, Tetradites) and Apollinariansshould give libelli and anathematize every sort of heresy which hasopinions other than those of the universal Church, and particularly thatto which they had belonged.Then that they should learn the creeds ofthe Church and be anointed in all their senses with holy chrism, and sobe received and share the holy mysteries with us.This, according to thegreat Basil, for the sake of the economy of the majority.But he enjoinedthat Eunomians,6 who baptize with a single immersion, or Montanists,also called Phrygians, Sabellians, who teach the identity of the Fatherand the Son, and those Paulianists of whom you speak at most length,and all other heresies, should be treated as if they were pagans.Theyshould be catechized and spend time in listening to the Holy Scriptures,and then be baptized or rebaptized.Since the heresy of the Jacobites7seems less serious than other heresies, we do not anoint those who wereconverted from them with chrism, nor indeed rebaptize them, but whenthey have given libelli and anathematized all heresy, especially their own,we receive them, and include them in the number and ranks of theorthodox.Most holy of men, in obedience to these precedents which serveeconomy and command severity, refuse to accept local customs8 on thegrounds that they are unreasonable, and endeavour to take measures toreject and decline those customs which are in opposition to the divinecommands.May you be a light and a way to those under your charge,enlightening them and guiding them, so that with them you may attaineternal life, and say confidently to God,  Lord, here am I, and thechildren you gave me , and may He favour you in body and spirit allyour life, on our behalf.6 The Eunomians were followers of Eunomius, an extreme Arian.The Montanistswere followers of Montanus, who believed in the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, andrejected other Christians who did not share his charismatic views.The Sabellianswere followers of Sabellius (date uncertain, probably early third century), whoseTrinitarian doctrine was suspect.Paulianists: there appears to be confusion herebetween the followers of Paul of Samosata and the later Paulicians.See PS [7], c.85and PH [8], c.1.7 The Jacobites were the followers of Jacob Baradaeus.They rejected the doctrine ofthe Person of Christ defined at Chaldedon (451).P8 Nothing is known of these local customs.112ST PAUL OF LATRUS CONVERTS PAULICIANS13.ST PAUL OF LATRUS (d.955/6)CONVERTS PAULICIANS NEAR MILETUSSt Paul of Latrus who died in 955/6, lived for the greater part of his religious lifeas an ascetic at various sites on the slopes of Mt Latrus1 in Caria, near the cityof Miletus.Later he founded a monastery there,2 and still later crossed to theisland of Samos nearby, to avoid the crowds of disciples who had followed him.The life is evidence of the presence of dualist heretics on the coast in the earlytenth century, but the use of the archaic term  Manichaean to describe themleaves it uncertain whether they were Paulicians (for whose dispersal at this timesee the Introduction) or early Bogomils, who are first recorded in Asia Minorwith certainty in a document written in c.1045 (Euthymius of the Periblepton,[19]), which gives an account of an earlier trial [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]